Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ | Human Development Important MCQ
This article is determined to provide you with the best Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ. Use this for your exam preparation and to boost your knowledge. All the questions are based on my Class 12 boards experience of 2025, where I scored 98 out of 100. Check our YouTube for detailed videos. Ensure that you complete your preparation before exams. I have applied my comprehensive knowledge of this Human Development Chapter to create these questions as accurately and effectively as possible.
Top 30 Best Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ
Here are the Top 30 Best Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ :
Class 12 – Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 3: Human Development.
Q1. Who introduced the concept of Human Development?
a) Amartya Sen
b) Mahbub-ul-Haq
c) Ellen Semple
d) Ratzel
Answer: b) Mahbub-ul-Haq
Q2. In which year was the Human Development Index (HDI) introduced?
a) 1980
b) 1990
c) 2000
d) 1995
Answer: b) 1990
Q3. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report annually?
a) UNESCO
b) UNDP
c) WHO
d) IMF
Answer: b) UNDP
Q4. Which Nobel Laureate economist is associated with the capability approach?
a) Amartya Sen
b) Paul Krugman
c) Gunnar Myrdal
d) Joseph Stiglitz
Answer: a) Amartya Sen
Q5. Growth is:
a) Quantitative and value neutral
b) Qualitative and always positive
c) Qualitative and negative
d) None of these
Answer: a) Quantitative and value neutral
Q6. Development is:
a) Quantitative change
b) Always value positive qualitative change
c) Always negative change
d) None of these
Answer: b) Always value positive qualitative change
Q7. Which of the following is NOT a pillar of human development?
a) Equity
b) Empowerment
c) Productivity
d) Urbanisation
Answer: d) Urbanisation
Q8. Which approach is associated with Prof. Amartya Sen?
a) Income approach
b) Welfare approach
c) Basic needs approach
d) Capability approach
Answer: d) Capability approach
Q9. Which of the following is NOT a basic need identified by ILO?
a) Education
b) Food
c) Sanitation
d) Luxury goods
Answer: d) Luxury goods
Q10. The indicator of health in HDI is:
a) Infant Mortality Rate
b) Life Expectancy at birth
c) Crude Birth Rate
d) Nutritional intake
Answer: b) Life Expectancy at birth
Q11. Which is used to measure access to knowledge in HDI?
a) Literacy rate and gross enrolment ratio
b) GDP
c) Infant Mortality Rate
d) Employment Rate
Answer: a) Literacy rate and gross enrolment ratio
Q12. Purchasing power in US dollars is used to measure:
a) Health
b) Education
c) Resources
d) Productivity
Answer: c) Resources
Q13. Which country officially adopted Gross National Happiness (GNH) as its measure of progress?
a) Nepal
b) Bhutan
c) Sri Lanka
d) Maldives
Answer: b) Bhutan
Q14. Which report introduced the Human Poverty Index?
a) World Development Report
b) Human Development Report
c) Global Economic Outlook
d) None
Answer: b) Human Development Report
Q15. Which of the following is NOT an approach to human development?
a) Income approach
b) Welfare approach
c) Capability approach
d) Geographical approach
Answer: d) Geographical approach
Q16. Which year did UNDP start publishing HDR?
a) 1985
b) 1990
c) 1995
d) 2001
Answer: b) 1990
Q17. Which country topped the HDI ranking in 2023-24?
a) Switzerland
b) Norway
c) Sweden
d) Germany
Answer: a) Switzerland
Q18. Which is NOT a key dimension of HDI?
a) Health
b) Education
c) Employment
d) Resources
Answer: c) Employment
Q19. The HDI score ranges between:
a) 0 to 5
b) 0 to 100
c) 0 to 1
d) 0 to 10
Answer: c) 0 to 1
Q20. A country with HDI of 0.82 is classified as:
a) Low
b) Medium
c) High
d) Very High
Answer: d) Very High
Q21. Which of these countries has higher HDI than India despite lower income?
a) Nepal
b) Sri Lanka
c) Pakistan
d) Bangladesh
Answer: b) Sri Lanka
Q22. Which of these reflects negative growth?
a) Increase in literacy
b) Tsunami destruction
c) Improved life expectancy
d) Social empowerment
Answer: b) Tsunami destruction
Q23. The four pillars of human development do NOT include:
a) Equity
b) Sustainability
c) Industrialisation
d) Empowerment
Answer: c) Industrialisation
Q24. The concept “enlarging people’s choices” is central to:
a) Human Development
b) Globalisation
c) Industrialisation
d) Urbanisation
Answer: a) Human Development
Q25. Adult literacy is used to measure which dimension of HDI?
a) Health
b) Education
c) Income
d) Empowerment
Answer: b) Education
Q26. In Human Poverty Index, which of these is NOT considered?
a) Probability of not surviving till 40
b) Illiteracy rate
c) Access to clean water
d) GDP per capita
Answer: d) GDP per capita
Q27. In HDI, each dimension has a weightage of:
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 1/4
d) 1/5
Answer: b) 1/3
Q28. Kerala ranks higher in HDI than Punjab due to:
a) Higher per capita income
b) Better investment in health and education
c) Industrialisation
d) Defence expenditure
Answer: b) Better investment in health and education
Q29. Which of these countries is in the ‘low’ category of HDI?
a) Switzerland
b) India
c) Niger
d) Sri Lanka
Answer: c) Niger
Q30. The concept of “Freedom as development” is associated with:
a) Mahbub-ul-Haq
b) Amartya Sen
c) Gunnar Myrdal
d) Karl Marx
Answer: b) Amartya Sen
These were the Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ.
Human Development Assertion–Reason Questions
Q1.
Assertion (A): Development is always a positive qualitative change.
Reason (R): Growth may be positive or negative.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q2.
Assertion (A): Mahbub-ul-Haq introduced the concept of Human Development.
Reason (R): He believed that enlarging people’s choices is central to development.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q3.
Assertion (A): Life expectancy is an indicator of education.
Reason (R): Education ensures longer life.
Answer: c) A is false but R is true.
Q4.
Assertion (A): HDI score closer to 1 means higher human development.
Reason (R): It shows achievements in health, education and resources.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q5.
Assertion (A): Bhutan adopted Gross National Happiness.
Reason (R): Bhutan focuses on material progress only.
Answer: c) A is true but R is false.
Q6.
Assertion (A): Equity means equal access to opportunities.
Reason (R): It is irrespective of caste, gender, or race.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q7.
Assertion (A): HDI is the only perfect measure of development.
Reason (R): It considers both achievements and distribution.
Answer: d) Both A and R are false.
Q8.
Assertion (A): Productivity in human development means efficiency of human work.
Reason (R): Improved health and education increase productivity.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q9.
Assertion (A): High defence expenditure often results in low human development.
Reason (R): It reduces spending on health and education.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q10.
Assertion (A): UNDP has been publishing Human Development Report since 1990.
Reason (R): It ranks countries based on HDI and HPI.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Human Development Statement Based Questions
Q1. Consider the following statements about Human Development:
- Growth is always positive.
- Development is always positive.
- Growth is quantitative while development is qualitative.
Answer: Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Q2. Which of the following are pillars of Human Development?
- Equity
- Sustainability
- Productivity
- Urbanisation
Answer: 1, 2, 3 only
Q3. Identify the correct statements:
- HDI was introduced by Amartya Sen.
- UNDP publishes HDR annually.
- Human Poverty Index shows shortfall in human development.
Answer: 2 and 3 only
Q4. Which of the following are dimensions of HDI?
- Health
- Education
- Income/resources
- Political participation
Answer: 1, 2 and 3 only
Q5. Which of the following countries rank very high in HDI (2023-24)?
- Switzerland
- Norway
- Iceland
- India
Answer: 1, 2, 3 only
