Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ | Water Resources important MCQs
This article will provide you with Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ. Water Resources important MCQs can be very helpful for your exam preparation. I have prepared this from my own notes, and using this, I scored 98 out of 100 in Social Science in my boards. You can also get good grades. You can also watch the full chapter explanations on our YouTube channel. All the MCQs are based on the latest CBSE Pattern, which will help you to get the best questions.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ
1. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
(a) One-fourth
(b) Half
(c) Three-fourths 1
(d) Two-thirds
Answer: (c) Three-fourths
2. According to predictions, by which year will nearly two billion people live in absolute water scarcity?
(a) 2030
(b) 2025 2
(c) 2040
(d) 2050
Answer: (b) 2025
3. Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of water scarcity?
(a) Over-exploitation 33
(b) Excessive use 44
(c) Afforestation
(d) Unequal access to water 55
Answer: (c) Afforestation
4. What is the largest consumer of water?
(a) Domestic use
(b) Industrial use
(c) Hydroelectric power generation
(d) Irrigated agriculture 6
Answer: (d) Irrigated agriculture
5. In post-independent India, which factors have exerted significant pressure on freshwater resources?
(a) Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation 7
(b) Decline in agricultural production
(c) Rural-to-urban migration only
(d) Development of traditional water bodies
Answer: (a) Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation
6. What is the goal of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?
(a) To provide electricity to all rural households.
(b) To ensure every rural household gets a supply of potable piped water. 8
(c) To build large dams in every state.
(d) To promote industrial water recycling.
Answer: (b) To ensure every rural household gets a supply of potable piped water.
7. In the first century B.C., where was a sophisticated water harvesting system found that channelled the flood water of the river Ganga?
(a) Kalinga
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Sringaverapura near Allahabad 9
(d) Nagarjunakonda
Answer: (c) Sringaverapura near Allahabad
8. Who famously proclaimed dams as the ‘temples of modern India’?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru 10
Answer: (d) Jawaharlal Nehru
9. The Hirakud project is located in which river basin?
(a) Sutlej-Beas basin
(b) Narmada basin
(c) Mahanadi basin 11
(d) Krishna-Godavari basin
Answer: (c) Mahanadi basin
10. What is a negative consequence of regulating and damming rivers?
(a) It enhances the natural flow of the river.
(b) It leads to better sediment flow. 12
(c) It results in rockier stream beds and poorer aquatic habitats. 13
(d) It helps aquatic fauna migrate easily. 14
Answer: (c) It results in rockier stream beds and poorer aquatic habitats.
11. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is built over which river?
(a) Tapi
(b) Narmada 15
(c) Godavari
(d) Krishna
Answer: (b) Narmada
12. The Krishna-Godavari dispute involves objections from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh against which state?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Maharashtra 16
(d) Odisha
Answer: (c) Maharashtra
13. In the Western Himalayas, diversion channels built for agriculture are known as:
(a) Johads
(b) Khadins
(c) Guls or Kuls 17
(d) Tankas
Answer: (c) Guls or Kuls
14. Inundation channels to irrigate fields were commonly developed in which region?
(a) The flood plains of Bengal 18
(b) The arid regions of Rajasthan
(c) The hilly tracts of Meghalaya
(d) The coastal plains of Gujarat
Answer: (a) The flood plains of Bengal
15. In arid parts of Rajasthan, what were the ‘khadins’ and ‘johads’?
(a) Underground pipes for water transport
(b) Rain-fed storage structures in agricultural fields 19
(c) Diversion channels on hills
(d) Community-owned wells
Answer: (b) Rain-fed storage structures in agricultural fields
16. The underground tanks or ‘tankas’ for storing drinking water are a traditional feature of which region?
(a) Bikaner, Phalodi, and Barmer in Rajasthan 20
(b) Shillong, Meghalaya
(c) Mysuru, Karnataka
(d) Kolhapur, Maharashtra
Answer: (a) Bikaner, Phalodi, and Barmer in Rajasthan
17. What is rainwater locally known as in parts of Rajasthan?
(a) Pani
(b) Jal
(c) Neer
(d) Palar pani 21
Answer: (d) Palar pani
18. Which village in Mysuru, Karnataka, has earned the distinction of being rich in rainwater due to widespread rooftop harvesting?
(a) Gendathur 22
(b) Bennur
(c) Kaza
(d) Phalodi
Answer: (a) Gendathur
19. Which is the first state in India to make rooftop rainwater harvesting structures compulsory for all houses?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Karnataka
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Tamil Nadu 23
Answer: (d) Tamil Nadu
20. The 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water using bamboo pipes is practiced in which state?
(a) Assam
(b) Meghalaya 24
(c) Mizoram
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: (b) Meghalaya
21. In the bamboo drip irrigation system, how much does the water flow reduce to at the plant site?
(a) 1-2 drops per minute
(b) 5-10 drops per minute
(c) 20-80 drops per minute 25
(d) 100-120 drops per minute
Answer: (c) 20-80 drops per minute
22. Water scarcity in most cases is caused by:
(a) Low annual precipitation only
(b) The hydrological cycle
(c) Over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access 2626
(d) Lack of water storage technology
Answer: (c) Over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access
23. The Bhakra-Nangal project is located in which river basin?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Narmada
(c) Ganga
(d) Sutlej-Beas 27
Answer: (d) Sutlej-Beas
24. Which of the following is an adverse ecological consequence of multi-purpose projects?
(a) Afforestation
(b) Generation of hydroelectricity
(c) Salinisation of the soil 28
(d) Inland navigation
Answer: (c) Salinisation of the soil
25. In Shillong, what percentage of a household’s water requirement is met by rooftop rainwater harvesting?
(a) 5-10%
(b) 15-25% 29
(c) 30-40%
(d) 50%
Answer: (b) 15-25%
26. According to the text, what is a primary reason for the decline of rooftop rainwater harvesting in western Rajasthan?
(a) The high cost of building tankas
(b) Water is now available from the Indira Gandhi Canal 30
(c) People prefer the taste of tanka water
(d) Government ban on traditional methods
Answer: (b) Water is now available from the Indira Gandhi Canal
27. The tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by which ruler?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Iltutmish 31
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: (b) Iltutmish
28. What is the primary purpose of a dam’s spillway or weir?
(a) To generate electricity
(b) To allow water to flow over or through it 32
(c) For fish breeding
(d) For recreational activities
Answer: (b) To allow water to flow over or through it
29. The document mentions that the Damodar river is also known as the:
(a) River of life
(b) River of joy
(c) River of sorrow 33
(d) River of faith
Answer: (c) River of sorrow
30. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of dams mentioned in the text?
(a) Flood control 34
(b) Electricity generation 35
(c) Preventing soil salinisation
(d) Recreation and fish breeding 36
Answer: (c) Preventing soil salinisation
31. The text states that freshwater is mainly obtained from surface runoff and which other source?
(a) Seawater desalination
(b) Glacial melt
(c) Ground water 37
(d) Imported water
Answer: (c) Ground water
32. The hydrological cycle makes water a:
(a) Non-renewable resource
(b) Renewable resource 38
(c) Scarce resource everywhere
(d) Polluted resource
Answer: (b) Renewable resource
33. What is a key reason that a region with ample water resources can still face water scarcity?
(a) Lack of rainfall
(b) Bad quality of water due to pollution 39
(c) Absence of rivers
(d) Low population density
Answer: (b) Bad quality of water due to pollution
34. The Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal) aims to bring behavioural changes in the community towards:
(a) Increased consumption
(b) Industrial water usage
(c) Conservation and smart water management 40
(d) Building more dams
Answer: (c) Conservation and smart water management
35. A large population requires more water for domestic use and to:
(a) Export to other countries
(b) Produce more food 41
(c) Fill swimming pools
(d) Support recreational activities
Answer: (b) Produce more food
36. From the map, the Salal Project is located on which river?
(a) Jhelum
(b) Chenab 42
(c) Ravi
(d) Satluj
Answer: (b) Chenab
37. According to the map, which of these dams is located on the River Krishna?
(a) Hirakud
(b) Sardar Sarovar
(c) Nagarjuna Sagar 43
(d) Mettur
Answer: (c) Nagarjuna Sagar
38. The Mettur dam, as shown on the map, is located on which river?
(a) Godavari
(b) Periyar
(c) Kaveri 44
(d) Ponnaiyar
Answer: (c) Kaveri
39. One of the ironies of dams mentioned in the text is that:
(a) They always prevent floods successfully.
(b) They were built to control floods but have triggered floods. 45
(c) They reduce the need for irrigation.
(d) They improve the natural habitat for aquatic life.
Answer: (b) They were built to control floods but have triggered floods.
40. The shift to water-intensive and commercial crops by farmers can lead to what ecological consequence?
(a) Increased biodiversity
(b) Improved soil fertility
(c) Salinisation of the soil 46
(d) Reduction in water pollution
Answer: (c) Salinisation of the soil
41. Water scarcity may be an outcome of a large and growing population and:
(a) Equal access to it
(b) Consequent greater demands for water 47
(c) Efficient water management
(d) Reduced agricultural needs
Answer: (b) Consequent greater demands for water
42. Why was the first spell of rain not collected in the ‘tankas’ in Rajasthan?
(a) It was considered impure
(b) To clean the roofs and the pipes 48
(c) The tankas were already full
(d) Superstitious beliefs
Answer: (b) To clean the roofs and the pipes
43. Dams are classified based on structure, intended purpose, and what other factor?
(a) Location
(b) Age
(c) Height 49
(d) Cost
Answer: (c) Height
44. Which of the following is NOT a type of dam based on structure and materials used?
(a) Timber dams 50
(b) Embankment dams 51
(c) Masonry dams 52
(d) Concrete dams
Answer: (d) Concrete dams (While dams can be concrete, the text specifically lists timber, embankment, and masonry)
45. The fragmentation of rivers by dams makes it difficult for aquatic fauna to:
(a) Find food
(b) Hibernate
(c) Migrate for spawning 53
(d) Avoid predators
Answer: (c) Migrate for spawning
46. What can the over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources lead to?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) An ecological crisis 54
(c) An increase in freshwater supply
(d) A decrease in population
Answer: (b) An ecological crisis
47. Which of these is a sophisticated hydraulic structure from ancient India?
(a) Bhopal Lake 55
(b) Indira Gandhi Canal
(c) Bhakra Nangal Dam
(d) Sardar Sarovar Dam
Answer: (a) Bhopal Lake
48. In the context of dams, what does the term “multi-purpose projects” refer to?
(a) Projects built by multiple countries
(b) Projects where the many uses of impounded water are integrated 56
(c) Projects that take a long time to complete
(d) Projects designed for a single, specific purpose
Answer: (b) Projects where the many uses of impounded water are integrated
49. Why does Shillong face an acute shortage of water despite being near the wettest places on Earth?
(a) The information is not provided in the text, but the text highlights the irony. 57
(b) The population is too large.
(c) The rain falls in a very short season.
(d) There are no rivers in Shillong.
Answer: (a) The information is not provided in the text, but the text highlights the irony.
50. Which of the following is a key aspect of the Atal Jal scheme?
(a) Enforcing strict laws on water usage
(b) Providing free water to all citizens
(c) Bringing behavioural changes in the community toward conservation 58
(d) Building desalination plants along the coast
Answer: (c) Bringing behavioural changes in the community toward conservation
Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ – Assertion and Reason Questions
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A):
Water is considered a renewable resource. 59
Reason (R): All water moves within the hydrological cycle, which ensures it is continually renewed and recharged. 60
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Assertion (A):
Multi-purpose projects have come under great scrutiny and opposition in recent years. 61
Reason (R): Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’. 62
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. Assertion (A):
A region with ample water resources may still face water scarcity. 63
Reason (R): Water in the area may be heavily polluted by industrial wastes and chemicals, making it hazardous for human use. 64
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. Assertion (A):
The practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting in western Rajasthan is on the decline. 65
Reason (R): The perennial Indira Gandhi Canal provides plenty of water to the region. 66
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
5. Assertion (A):
Regulating and damming of rivers affects their natural flow and sediment deposition. 67
Reason (R): Dams built to control floods have always been successful in controlling floods during excessive rainfall. 68
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false.
6. Assertion (A):
Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water. 69
Reason (R): A large population requires more water to produce more food, leading to the expansion of irrigated areas. 70
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
7. Assertion (A):
The city of Shillong faces an acute shortage of water. 71
Reason (R): Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. 72
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The reason is a response to the problem, not the cause of it).
8. Assertion (A):
Multi-purpose projects can induce earthquakes and cause water-borne diseases. 73
Reason (R): Multi-purpose projects help integrate the development of agriculture with the growth of the urban economy. 74
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
9. Assertion (A):
In Meghalaya, a 200-year-old system of bamboo drip irrigation is prevalent. 75
Reason (R): This system is used to tap stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes. 76
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
10. Assertion (A): Water scarcity is always associated with regions of low rainfall.
Reason (R): Water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access to water among different social groups. 7777
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQ | Forest and Wildlife Resources important MCQs
Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 MCQ – Statement-Based Questions
Directions: Read the given statements carefully and choose the correct option.
1. Consider the following statements about multi-purpose river projects and choose the correct option.
I. They are built only for irrigation purposes. 78
II. The Bhakra-Nangal project is used for both hydel power and irrigation. 79
III. Damming rivers enhances their natural sediment flow. 80
IV. They were considered the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress. 81
Options:
(a) I and III are correct.
(b) II and IV are correct.
(c) I, II, and III are correct.
(d) Only IV is correct.
Answer: (b) II and IV are correct.
2. Which of the following statements about water scarcity are true?
I. It is only caused by variations in seasonal and annual precipitation. 82
II. Growing population and consequent greater demands for water contribute to it. 83
III. It can occur in regions with ample water if the water is polluted. 84
IV. Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have eased the pressure on freshwater resources. 85
Options:
(a) I and IV are true.
(b) II and III are true.
(c) I, II, and III are true.
(d) All are true.
Answer: (b) II and III are true.
3. Read the statements below regarding traditional water harvesting systems.
I. ‘Guls’ and ‘Kuls’ are diversion channels found in the arid regions of Rajasthan. 86
II. In Bengal, people developed inundation channels in flood plains. 87
III. ‘Tankas’ were underground storage tanks for drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. 88
IV. ‘Khadins’ and ‘Johads’ were common in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas. 89
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) III and IV
(d) I and IV
Answer: (b) II and III
4. Consider the following statements about the Sardar Sarovar Dam.
I. It has been built over the Narmada River in Gujarat. 90
II. It is one of India’s largest water resource projects, covering four states. 91
III. The project will only meet the water requirement of desert areas in Gujarat. 92929292
IV. The entire command area of the project in Rajasthan is drought-prone. 93
Choose the correct option:
(a) I, II and III are correct.
(b) I, II and IV are correct.
(c) II, III and IV are correct.
(d) All are correct.
Answer: (b) I, II and IV are correct.
5. Which of the following statements about the bamboo drip irrigation system is/are correct?
I. It is a modern irrigation technique introduced in the 21st century. 94
II. It uses bamboo pipes to tap stream and spring water. 95
III. About 18-20 litres of water enters the system and is reduced to 20-80 drops per minute at the plant. 96
IV. It is mainly practiced in the arid regions of Rajasthan. 97
Options:
(a) I and IV
(b) II and III
(c) I, II, and III
(d) Only II
Answer: (b) II and III
6. Identify the incorrect statements from the following:
I. Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. 98
II. Water is a non-renewable resource. 99
III. Water scarcity is a problem only in drought-prone areas. 100100100100
IV. Tamil Nadu has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory. 101
Options:
(a) I and IV are incorrect.
(b) II and III are incorrect.
(c) I and III are incorrect.
(d) II and IV are incorrect.
Answer: (b) II and III are incorrect.
7. Consider the following statements regarding the negative impacts of dams.
I. They result in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for aquatic life. 102
II. They can trigger floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. 103
III. They have caused large-scale displacement of people and loss of livelihood. 104
IV. They have been universally successful in controlling floods during excessive rainfall. 105
Which of the above are true?
(a) I, II, and III
(b) II, III, and IV
(c) I, III, and IV
(d) I, II, and IV
Answer: (a) I, II, and III
8. Read the statements below and identify the correct ones.
I. The tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi, was constructed to supply water to the Siri Fort area. 106
II. Bhopal Lake, built in the 11th century, was one of the largest artificial lakes of its time. 107
III. Dams, lakes, and irrigation systems were extensively built during the time of Chandragupta Maurya. 108
IV. Sophisticated irrigation works have been found in Kalinga, Nagarjunakonda, and Bennur. 109
Options:
(a) I and II only
(b) III and IV only
(c) I, II, and III only
(d) All are correct.
Answer: (d) All are correct.
9. Which of the following statements about rooftop rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan is correct?
I. The collected water is called ‘Palar Pani’ and is considered the purest form of natural water. 110
II. The first spell of rain is usually collected to store the cleanest water. 111
III. Some houses built underground rooms adjoining the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat. 112
IV. The practice has gained popularity recently due to the Indira Gandhi Canal. 113
Options:
(a) I and III are correct.
(b) II and IV are correct.
(c) I and IV are correct.
(d) II and III are correct.
Answer: (a) I and III are correct.
10. Identify the true statements regarding the causes of water quality degradation.
I. Water can be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes. 114
II. Chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers used in agriculture can pollute water. 115
III. Over-exploitation of groundwater improves its quality.
IV. Polluted water, even if available in ample quantity, does not lead to water scarcity. 116
Options:
(a) I and II are true.
(b) III and IV are true.
(c) I and IV are true.
(d) II and III are true.
Answer: (a) I and II are true.
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